Swiss TIMES Energy Systems Model (STEM)
Energy Economics Group, PSI: Kannan Ramachandran, Evangelos Panos
Evangelos Panos, PSI
Kannan Ramachandran, PSI
Proprietary
SURE - WP 7
STEM is an energy systems model, based on the TIMES open source modelling framework, representing the entire Swiss energy system by all essential current and future energy technologies from the primary energy supply over the processing, conversion, transport, distribution of energy carriers (e.g. gas, electricity, hydrogen, biofuels, e-fuels) to the end-use sectors and the energy service demands. These demands are linked to exogenous underlying drivers like population and GDP growth. STEM includes more than 90 energy service demands for industry, services, residential and transport sectors. STEM identifies the least-cost combination of technologies and fuels to meet the energy service demands in future, while fulfilling other technical, environmental and policy constraints (e.g. CO2 mitigation policy).
STEM has a high level of technology detail to ensure feasibility of future energy pathways from an engineering perspective. It has a century-long horizon to analyse long-term goals. It also has a high intra-annual resolution to account for temporal variations in energy demand and supply.
Features
- Full representation of the Swiss energy system
- Bottom-up model
- Perfect foresight from 2020 to 2050+
- High intra-annual resolution with 288 timeslices
- DC power flow modelling with 319 bidirectional grid lines
- Endogenous markets for ancillary services
- Consumer segmentation in mobility
- Quantify the response of the whole Swiss energy system in various disruptive events and under different pathways
- Evaluate possible actions to improve the sustainability and resilience of the energy system
- Provide the boundary conditions and the long-term developments in the future Swiss energy system to the regional and topic-specific case studies
- Provide suitable training and validation datasets to the ML algorithm for the uncertainty analysis
- Give basic input to the MCDA and the creation of roadmaps and strategies
Facts
| Class | Energy System |
| Type | Deterministic |
| Spatial regions | Switzerland |
| Spatial resolution | NUTS-1 (country level) |
| Time coverage | 2020, 2030, 2040,and 2050 |
| Time resolution | 288 timeslices in each period |
Sectors | Full representation of the Swiss energy system: Electricity and heat supply, Industry, Construction, Residential, Services, Agriculture, Private transport, Public transport, Freight transport |
Category | Inputs | Outputs |
|---|---|---|
| Socioeconomy | GDP Economy wide consumption Climate policy measures Energy policy measures (subsidies) Managerial (strategical, business models) Psychological (revealed or stated preferences, willingness to pay, intentions) Sociodemographic (household, age, income, gender..) Legal Revenue | Managerial (strategical, business models) Revenue |
| Infrastructure | Electricity - transmission network Electricity - distribution network Thermal network District networks Gas network Hydrogen network Captured CO2 network Road network | Electricity - transmission network Electricity - distribution network Thermal network District networks Gas network Hydrogen network Captured CO2 network |
| Environment | Total CO2 emissions CO2 emissions from energy system CO2 emissions from electricity production CO2 emissions in industry Captured CO2 emissions | |
| Energy demand | Space heating Space Cooling Industrial heating Industrial cooling Hot water Total electricity Electricity - appliances Passenger mobility Freight mobility | |
| Energy supply/production | Space heating Space cooling Industrial heating Industrial cooling Heat storage Hot water Electricity - production Electricity - storage Electricity - installed capacity Passenger mobility Freight mobility | |
| Resource potential | Solar irradiation, Solar potential Wind Biomass Hydropower potential Geothermal Carbon storage potential Artificial thermal sources (e.g. waste heat) Land | |
| Direct demand of resources | Gas as feedstock in industry (i.e. non-heating demand) Other fossil fuels | |
| Trade | Electricity import/export price Fossil fuels import/export price Biomass and biofuels import/export price Hydrogen import/export price | Electricity imports/exports Fossil fuels (i.e. gas, gasoline, diesel) imports/exports Biomass and biofuels imports/exports Hydrogen imports/exports |
| Technologies Inv: Investment costs Eff: Efficiency OM: Operation and Maintenance costs LCA: Life cycle assessment indicators | Biomass - Wood gasification (Inv,Eff,OM) Biomass - Pyrolysis (Inv,Eff,OM) Biomass - Anaerobic digestion (Inv,Eff,OM) Biomass - Methanation (Inv,Eff,OM) CHPs (Inv,Eff,OM) Cooling (Inv,Eff,OM) Electricity generation (Inv,Eff,OM) Heat production - Heat pumps (Inv,Eff,OM) Heat production - Thermal solar (Inv,Eff,OM) Heat production - Boilers (Inv,Eff,OM) Heat production - Geothermal (Inv,Eff,OM) Hydrogen production (Inv,Eff,OM) Power-to-gas (Inv,Eff,OM) Power-to-fuel (Inv,Eff,OM) Power-to-methanol (Inv,Eff,OM) Storage - Heat (Inv,Eff,OM) Storage - Cold (Inv,Eff,OM) Storage - Electricity (Inv,Eff,OM) Vehicles (Inv,Eff,OM) | |
| Prices | ||
| Others |
References
- Model webpage. . https://www.psi.ch/en/eem/projects/swiss-times-energy-system-model-stem-for-transition-scenario-analyses
- Panos E., T. Kober, R. Kannan and S. Hirschberg (2021). Long-term energy transformation pathways - Integrated scenario analysis with the Swiss TIMES energy systems model. SCCER JASM final report of STEM, Villigen PSI. https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000509023
- Panos, E., Kober, T., Wokaun, A. (2019). Long term evaluation of electric storage technologies vs alternative flexibility options for the Swiss energy system, Applied Energy, 252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113470
This page was last modified on 2022.06.08, 20:08